Merseburg Echoes:

Norwegian language items

This is the Merseburg Echoes entry for Norwegian language Merseburg Spell II-type items. Merseburg Echoes is an ongoing project that compiles and makes accessible as many Merseburg Spell II-type items from the historical record as possible.

This entry was created in 2025 and this project is ongoing. This entry is not a holistic representation of the historical record and it will be expanded.

Quick attribution:

  • Mimisbrunnr.info. 2025-ongoing. “Norwegian Language Items”. Merseburg Echoes, Mimisbrunnr.info. URL: https://www.mimisbrunnr.info/merseburg-echoes-norwegian

Contributors to these entries:

Please note that all external URLs were last accessed August 2025.

Many of the following examples derive from the following Norwegian language collection:

Vestre Slidre, Oppland, Norway, c. 1780

  • Location: Vestre Slidre, Oppland, Norway

  • Year: Around 1780

  • Informant:

    O. Brandt

  • Item:

    For Skurv og for Flein.

    Jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu Merg og i Bein,
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu Bein og i Kjøt,
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu Kjøt og i Blo(d),
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu Blo(d) og i et Byg-Korn,
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu det Byg-Korn og i et Havre-Korn,
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu det Havre-Korn i en Strimmel,
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu den Strimmel i en Stein,
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu den Stein i et Sand-Korn,
    jeg maner den Skurv og Flein utu det Sand-Korn ut i Inte.

    Dette læses i lidt Raatjære og gammelt Ister, og giv saa dem ind først af Tjæren og siden smøres paa af Isteret og af sit eget Skurv. Saa gaar det bort.

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025)

    For sores and boils.

    I command the sores and boils out of marrow and into bone, 
    I command the sores and boils out of bone and into flesh
    I command the sores and boils out of flesh and into blood,
    I command the sores and boils out of blood and into a grain of barley
    I command the sores and boils out of the grain of barley and into a grain of oat
    I command the sores and boils out of the grain, into a strip,
    I command the sores and boils out of the strip, into a stone
    I command the sores and boils out of the stone, into a grain of sand,
    I command the sores and boils out of the grain of sand, into nothingness.

    This is read over a bit of pine tar and old lard. Give them first the tar to eat, and then anoint them with the lard as well as some of their own ecthyma. Then it will go away.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    Eirik Storesund:
    Skurv’ and ‘flein’ are terms for various diseases (e.g. orf, ecthyma) affecting livestock such as sheep, some of which are zoonotic. Perform them on yourself once you're done with your livestock!

    This is the first of many examples of charms taken from Anton Christian Bang’s Norske Hexeformularer og magiske Opskrifter (1901), which should contain the vast majority of Norwegian examples, with the exception of sources that Bang was not aware of at the time, that have since emerged. I do not personally have an overview of how many that would be, but it’s not impossible that other narrative charms exist that were not included in his compendium for this or some other reason. I have used Bang in conjunction with a current version of the registry of known Norwegian grimoires to determine “informants” (which here should be taken to mean the known owners or compilers of a given manuscript, where that is possible to determine). The latter has also been useful to identify the shelfmark of the manuscripts themselves (which I have added to the sources). Bang’s Hexeformularer presents all items in a running, numbered order, with Merseburg II-style charms conveniently comprising the first chapter (which numbers 40 charms), though I include charms from other sections as well for sake of variety, as well as formulaic proximity.

    Note that the translator does not acknowledge the Norwegian regional reform of 2020, hence the old counties are listed as if this never happened. This is not just an act of arbitration on my end: omitting centralized regions that did not exist prior to 2020 will also make the geographical designations more in line with older works of secondary literature, which otherwise might perplex the international reader.

Various locations, Norway, C. 1780-1865

  • Location: Various locations in Norway

  • Year: Around 1780 to 1865

  • Informants:

    Olav Aasmundstad, M. A Winsvold, Anders Olsen Liverud

  • Item:

    Imod Troldkvinden.

    Jesus og Jomfrun Maria gik over Broen den brede,
    der møder de Kvinden den lede.
    «Hvor skal du hen?» sagde Jesus.
    «Jeg skal til Bondens Gaard
    at fordærve baaden Fæ og Faar.»
    «Nei,» sagde Jesus,
    «jeg skal dig vende
    til den, som dig udsendte,
    over Gaarde og Grinden
    og imellem hans Fødder
    og ind i hans Hjerterødder.»
    I Navn F. S. og H.aand. Amen. Fader vor 3 Gange.

    Læs den i Malt og Salt og giv Kreaturene, helst naar de har lagt ned.

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025):

    Against the sorceress.

    Jesus and the virgin Mary walked across the broad bridge,
    where they met the foul woman.
    “Where are you headed?” said Jesus.
    “I am going to the peasant’s farm
    to spoil both cows and sheep.”
    “No,” said Jesus,
    “I shall turn you towards
    the one who sent you,
    over yard and gate
    and between his feet
    and into the roots of his heart.”
    In the name of the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Our Father three times.

    Read it in malt and salt and give it to the cattle, preferably after they have laid down.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    Joseph S. Hopkins:
    Compare the use of the “malt and salt” formula in examples, such as this one from 1671 (Arnäs, Ångermanland, Sweden): https://www.mimisbrunnr.info/merseburg-echoes-swedish#arnas-1671 ).

Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway, 1830

  • Location: Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway

  • Year: 1830

  • Informant:

    Hans Pedersen, Ole Dæhli

  • Item:

    Mot Vred

    Vor Herre Jesus reiste sig over Brua den brede;
    der vrednes i hans Fole-Fod.
    Kristus ta steg,
    omkring greb,
    han satte Kjød i Kjød,
    Ben i Ben,
    Blod i Blod,
    Sen i Sen, –
    og Bod i samme Stund.
    I Guds Navn.

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025)

    Against a sprain

    Our Lord Jesus arose over the broad bridge:
    there his foal’s foot was sprained.
    Christ stepped off,
    gripped around,
    he put flesh in flesh,
    bone in bone,
    blood in blood,
    sinew in sinew
    and remedy in the same moment.
    In God’s name.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    Eirik Storesund:
    Pedersen is supposed to have come from Gudbrandsdalen, but died in Ringerike. Bang therefore cites the former as the source location.

Nordfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway, 1862a

  • Location: Nordfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway

  • Year: 1862

  • Informant:

    Jakob Kobberstad

  • Item:

    Mod Tovr.

    Jesus gik sig engang over Broen den brede;
    der mødte han Tovremanden (eller Tovrekvinden) den lede.
    «Hvor skal du hen?» sagde Jesus.
    «Jeg vil mig til Bondens Gaard,
    sprænge Bonden og hans Faar.»
    «Du skal dig atter vende
    til den Mand, som dig udsendte;
    du skal i hans Fødder
    sprænge ud hans Neglerod;
    du skal bære Mose og Sten» –
    dertil forbinder jeg dig i disse 3 Navn: o. s. v. Fadervor 3 Gange.

    Derefter 1 Gang: Jeg tegner dig med dette hellige Korses Betegnelse i disse Navn o. s. v.

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025)

    Against Sorcery.

    Jesus once went across the broad bridge,
    where he met the sorcerer (or sorcesses) the foul.
    “Where are you headed?” said Jesus.
    “I intend to go to the peasant’s farm,
    to burst the peasant and his sheep.”
    “You shall turn back
    to the man who sent you,
    you shall in his feet,
    burst the roots of his nails:
    you shall carry moss and stone”
    and I fetter you in these three names: etc. and Our Father three times.

    One time afterwards: “I mark you with the sign of this holy cross in these names etc.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    None at this time.

Nordfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway, 1862b

  • Location: Nordfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway

  • Year: 1862

  • Informant:

    Jakob Kobberstad

  • Item:

    Mod Vrid

    Jesus og St. Mekkel red
    paa sine dyre Veie,
    red Vred
    i den venstre (høire)
    Folefoden sin.
    St. Mekkel afsteg,
    satte Ben i Ben,
    Kjød i Kjød,
    Hud i Hud,
    Haar i Haar.
    Og der i Navnet o. s. v.
    Fadervor 3 Gange.

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025)

    Against a sprain

    Jesus and St. Michael rode
    on their precious roads.
    Rode a sprain
    into the left (right)
    foot of his foal.
    St. Michael stepped off,
    put bone in bone,
    flesh in flesh,
    skin in skin,
    hair in hair.
    And there in the name etc.
    Three times Our Father.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    None at this time.

Ullensaker, Akershus, Norway, around 1880a

  • Location: Ullensaker, Akershus, Norway

  • Year: Around 1880

  • Informant:

    Hildur Borchsenius

  • Item:

    Aagjer for Sandsten paa Øiet.

    Tag det sorte paa det blaa,
    tag det blaa paa hvide,
    tag det hvide paa en jordfast Sten.
    I Navnet Thor, Odin og Frigga.
    Læses over en Ske Vand 3 Gange og slaaes ind i Øie

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025)

    Healing charm against sand in the eye.

    Take the black on the blue
    take the blue on the white
    take the white on an earthfast stone.
    In the name of Thor, Odin, and Frigga.

    Read over a spoon of water three times before it is poured into the eye.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    Eirik Storesund:

    Bang notes that Borchsenius’s source claims that the names of these three heathen gods occur as a replacement for the Christian Trinity so as not to take God’s name in vain, which supposedly permits one to perform healing charms without sin. This in itself suggests that the addition of these deities is secondary, in recent antiquarian transmission rather than a direct continuity of awareness of pagan mythology. This is further supported by the forms of the names, as for instance the spelling Frigga has no historical basis, except as a stylistic choice in modernity, and one would expect the forms to have an entirely different dialectical form if the origins of their inclusion did not have a literary source. Though I cannot also rule out that Borchsenius normalized the name forms to suit what she thought was the proper spelling. Similar is seen in Icelandic material, where mere awareness of texts in relative popular circulation informs the spells.

Ullensaker, Akershus, Norway, around 1880b

  • Location: Ullensaker, Akershus, Norway

  • Year: Around 1880

  • Informant:

    Hildur Borchsenius

  • Item:

    Aagjer for Slangebid.

    Der sad en Bisp under en Birkerod,
    stak han Jesus i sin Fod.
    «Jeg stak Manden den skjønne,
    jeg stak ham, saa han røne,
    jeg stak ham, saa han blaaned,
    jeg stak ham, saa han daaned.»
    «Ja, stak du Manden den skjønne,
    saa kommer en Mand fra Bammerdal
    og knuser Galdere og Eterne dine.»

    I Navnet Thor, Odin og Frigga.

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025)

    Healing charm against snake bite.

    A bishop sat under a birch root,
    he stung Jesus in his foot.
    “I stung the pretty man,
    I stung him so that he turned red,
    I stung him so that he turned blue,
    I stung him so that he passed out.”
    “Yes, if you stung the pretty man,
    then a man from Bammerdal will come
    and crush your galls and venoms.”

    In the name of Thor, Odin, and Frigga.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    Eirik Storesund:

    [Same as above: Bang notes that Borchsenius’ source claims that the names of these three heathen gods occur as a replacement for the Christian trinity so as not to take God’s name in vain, which supposedly permits one to perform healing charms without sin. This in itself suggests that the addition of these deities is secondary, in recent antiquarian transmission rather than a direct continuity of awareness of pagan mythology. This is further supported by the forms of the names, as for instance the spelling Frigga has no historical basis, except as a stylistic choice in modernity, and one would expect the forms to have an entirely different dialectical form if the origins of their inclusion did not have a literary source. Though I cannot also rule out that Borchsenius normalized the name forms to suit what she thought was the proper spelling. Similar is seen in Icelandic material, where mere awareness of texts in relative popular circulation informs the spells.]

    Bammerdal: No place called “Bammerdal” seems to exist. Speculatively, it could be a misspelling or corruption of Jammerdal: the Biblical vallis lacrimarum – Vale of Tears – that comes into Dano-Norwegian via German Jammertal.

    Edder og galle: Edder og galle (‘venom and gall/bile’) is a fixed expression in Scandinavian, referring to behaviors and utterances that are toxic and mean. The phrase in the charm is otherwise awkward.

Flå, Hallingdal, Norway, 1889

  • Location: Flå, Hallingdal, Norway

  • Year: 1889

  • Informant:

    No data provided.

  • Item:

    For Vred i Knæet paa Koen.

    Man tager en fersk Ore-Pinde, lægger den mod det syge Knæ og hugger saa mod Pinden, medens en anden spørger:
    «Hvad hugger du For?»

    Man svarer:
    «Jeg hugger Vre
    ud af Le
    og Værk ud af Knæ.»

    I 3 Navn osv.
    Gjentages 3 Gange.

    English translation (Eirik Storesund for Mimisbrunnr.info, 2025)

    Remedy for a cow’s twisted knee.

    One takes a fresh stick of alder and lay it against the ill knee,
    and strike against the stick as another asks:
    “What are you striking for?”

    One responds:
    “I strike sprain
    out of joint
    and ache out of knee.”

    In three names etc.
    Repeat it three times.

  • Source:

  • Observations:

    None at this time.

Merseburg Echoes